This is linux command Note:
I trying to speak fluent english. So mistake can be done.
Basic things that I need to know.
Know: Who is the first company with came of GUI ?
Xerox . Xerox is the first company came with GUI.
Stev jobs was the second person who reproduce GUI with Macintosh.
GUI---> Graphical User Interface.
CLI---> Command Line Interface.
I am a CLI user. I terminal is my life to live.
GUI is slower than CLI.
CLI is always faster.
Windows use GUI
linux use CLI.
Gitbash is a CLI.
Gitbash use in windows OS to work with command line.
Now everything about CLI.
1. How to create a new directory?
Directory's another name is Folder.
$ mkdir space directoryName
mkdir ----> make directory
mkdir is a command for creating new directory or folder.
Remember: It is better practice to keep everything lowercase in CLI for coder.
2. what is path ?
A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure.
Let's see my path, Go to terminal and type 'pwd'
PWD---> Present Working Directory or Print Working Directory.
It will show like below...
$ /desktop/music/myMusic/
3.
Root Direcory:The start of each and every directory in linux system.
/------> This is forward slash. This slash mean root directory in Linux OS.
How to see current Directory
Go to terminal and type below cmd.
$ pwd
cmd -----> Command.
4. Command for changing the Directory ?
$ cd space directoryName
cd ---> Change Directory
5. How to see all the content inside a Directory?
$ ls
ls -----> List Content. (It will list all the files and folder from current directory.)
6. How to go one step back from current directory ?
$ cd space ..
It will move you one step back from current directory.
Remember: How to go two step back from current directory?
$ cd space ../../
* Three step back.
$ cd space ../../..
Shortcut:
mkdir ---> create a new directory
cd ------> changing directory
ls -------> Listing all the contents
cd space .. -----> Going one step back
pwd-------> Present Working Directory.
7. How to create a hidden directory or file
$ mkdir . directoryName
mkdir space dot directoryOrFileName
Remember: How to see Hidden folder or files?
$ ls space -a
ls space hiphen a (-a)
ls -a --------------> This command list all files and folders or directories including hidden.
ls --------> ls command can not list hidden files and directories.
8. How to create multiple folder or directory using single line command?
$ mkdir directoryName1 space directoryName2 space directoryName3 space directoryName4
This above command will create 4 Directories.
Remember: How to create a directory with space
$ mkdir space "Directory space Name"
If you want to create a directory with space then you need to put single/double Quotes like above cmd.
9. How to go to one drive to another drive using command ?
$ cd space D:/desktop/files/
This above cmd will go into D drive desktop files.
Now how to go C drive:
$ cd space C:\ <----enter
10. How to go root directory ?
$ cd space /
or
$ cd space forward slash.
11. How to go another directory Directly
$ cd ../ directoryName
$ cd space ../ directoryName
12. How to move Directory or files?
$ mv space directory1 space directory2
or
$ mv space ./file1 space ./file2
mv -------> move
This mv cmd will move directory1 into directory2.
"directory1" is a source file and
"directory2" is a Destination file.
13. How to rename a file or Directory ?
$ mv space ./file1 space ./myFile /file2
file1 is source file.
myFile is a destination file.
file2 is a new name of directory file1
We rename file1 directory to file2.
14. How to see recent command that you used?
$ !!
!! -----> Two exclamation mark.
15. How to copy directory or a file ?
$ cp space -r space ./file1 space ./file2
cp------> Copy
16. How to move or copy a file to the previous Directory ?
$ mv space ./fileName space ../
17. How to delete a file or directory ?
$ rm space fileName
rm stands for remove.
Remember: How to delete a hidden directory or file ?
$ rm space -r . /. fileName
-r mean recursively
18. How to delete a directory that created with space ?
$ rm space ./"file Name"
19. How to create a text file?
$ touch space fileName.txt
Remember: How to create a JPG file?
$ touch fileName.jpg
20. How to copy multiple files to another directory?
$ cp space -r ./file1 space ./file2 space ./file3 space ./"NewFile"
NB: file1 and file2 and file3 is a source file name.
NewFile is directory name and destination file.
21. How to move multiple directory?
$ mv space ./file1 space ./file2 space ./destinationFile
22. How to rename a directory without moving anywhere ?
$ mv space . /fileName space . /fileNameX
fileName rename to fileNameX
23. How to create a txt file and write text into the file ?
$ echo space how are you this is text. >>myFile.txt
24. How to see/read text inside a txt file ?
$ cat space txt. space filename.
25. How to write text inside a JPG file ?
$ echo This is my secret text inside jpg file space >file.jpg
Remember: How to read jpg file text
$ cat space file.jpg ----------------------------> This will show text inside the jpg file.
26. How to copy two files and paste two step back Directory.
$ cp space ./abc.txt space ./xyz space ../../
Remember:
how to go previous directory
$ cd -
How to go root directory.
$ cd /
How to go one step back from current path ?
$ cd - -
How to go home directory?
$ cd ~
( cd space Back track special character.)
touch: This command create empty file with what ever extension we want like jpg/pdf/txt etc.
echo: This command create files like txt/jpg/pdf with text and that command is echo.